This paper discusses issues of importance to designers of media for visually impaired users. The paper considers the influence of human factors on effectiveness of presentation as well as the strengths and weaknesses of tactile, vibrotactile, static pins, haptic, force feedback, and multimodal methods of rendering maps, graphs and models. The authors, all of whom are visually impaired researchers in this domain, present findings from their own work and work of many others who have contributed to the current understanding of how to prepare and render images for both hard-copy and technology-mediated presentation of Braille and tangible graphics.

Citation:

O‘Modhrain, S., Giudice, N. A., Gardner, J. A., & Legge, G. E. (2015). Designing media for visually-impaired users of refreshable touch displays: Possibilities and pitfalls. Transactions on Haptics. 8(3), 248-257.

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