{"id":6069,"date":"2025-02-04T14:06:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T19:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/?page_id=6069"},"modified":"2025-11-06T13:39:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T18:39:27","slug":"american-lobster-settlement-index","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/","title":{"rendered":"American Lobster Settlement Index"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/04\/ALSI_logo_2014.jpg\" alt=\"American Lobster Settlement Index logo\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">American Lobster Settlement Index (ALSI)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>American Lobster Settlement Index<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>ALSI<\/strong>) is an annual monitoring program that quantifies the pulse of newly settled lobsters that repopulate rocky coastal nursery grounds in New England and Atlantic Canada. Quantifying this segment of the life history is especially valuable because it is the only time when one can identify with certainty the strength of an individual year class. It is a pivotal life stage that both sheds light on the ocean processes that deliver larvae to nurseries, and is useful as a predictor of future trends in recruitment to the fishery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Initiated in 1989, the survey has expanded from a few sampling sites in coastal Maine to encompass more than 100 sites in other lobster-producing regions of the Northeast United States and Atlantic Canada (Figure 1) (e.g., Incze&nbsp;et&nbsp; al. 1997, Incze&nbsp;et al. 2010). Two sampling methodologies are in use: Diver-based suction sampling (Photo 1) (Wahle and Steneck 1991, Incze and Wahle 1991), and more recently, passive postlarval collectors (Photo 2) (Wahle&nbsp;et al. 2009b). Both methods quantify recently settled young-of-year (YoY) (Figure 2) and older juvenile lobsters at the end of the larval settlement season between August and October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Annual Updates (PDF):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/477\/2025\/11\/ALSI-Update-2024-Final-100925.pdf\">2024<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/09\/ALSI-Update-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2023<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2022\/\">2022<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2022\/\">Web page version of 2022 report<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2021\/\">2021<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2020\/\">2020<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2019\/\">2019<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2018\/\">2018<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2017\/\">2017<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2016\/\">2016<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2015\/\">2015<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2014\/\">2014<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2013\/\">2013<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2012\/\">2012<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2011\/\">2011<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2010\/\">2010<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-update-2009\/\">2009<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/american-lobster-settlement-index-2009-workshop-report\/\">2009 Lobster Settlement Workshop Report<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2008\/\">2008<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2007\/\">2007<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2006\/\">2006<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2005\/\">2005<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2004\/\">2004<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2003\/\">2003<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2002\/\">2002<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/resource\/new-england-lobster-settlement-index-update-2001\/\">2001<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Funding Sources:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>National Science Foundation<br>NOAA National Undersea Research Program<br>NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program<br>Maine Sea Grant<br>Maine Department of Marine Resources<br>Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife<br>Fishermen and Scientists Research Society<br>University of New Brunswick<br>Commercial Fisheries Research Foundation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Related Publications:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>McManus, M.C., Brady, D., Brown, C., Carloni, J ., Giffin M., Goode, A., Kleman, K., Lawton, P., Le Bris, A., Olszewski, S., Perry, D., Rochette, R., Shank, B., Wilson, C., Wahle, R. The American Lobster Settlement Index: History, lessons, and future of a long-term, transboundary monitoring collaborative. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2022.1055557<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oppenheim, N., Wahle, R., Brady, D., Goode, A.*, &amp; Pershing, A. 2019. The cresting wave: larval settlement and ocean temperatures predict change in the American lobster harvest. Ecological Applications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goode, A.*, Brady, D., Steneck, R., &amp; Wahle, R., 2019. The brighter side of climate change: How local oceanography amplified a lobster boom in the Gulf of Maine. Global Change Biology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.14778<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Carloni, J.*, Wahle, R., Geoghegan, P., &amp; Bjorkstedt, E. 2018. Bridging the spawner-recruit disconnect: Trends in American lobster recruitment linked to the pelagic food web. Bulletin Marine Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5343\/bms.2017.1150<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jaini, M.*, Wahle, R., Thomas, A., &amp; Weatherbee, R. 2018. Oceanographic correlates of lobster<br>settlement in the Gulf of Maine and southern New England shelf. Bulletin Marine Science.<br>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5343\/bms.2017.11418<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Li, B.*, Cao, J.*, Guan, L.*, Mazur, M.*, Chen, Y., &amp; Wahle, R. 2018. Estimating spatial nonstationary<br>environmental effects on the distribution of species: A case study from American<br>lobster in the Gulf of Maine. Available: doi:10.1093\/icesjms\/fsy024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Bris, A., Mills, K., Wahle, R., Chen, Y., Alexander, M., Allyn, A., Pershing, A. 2018.<br>Climate vulnerability and resilience in the most valuable North American fishery. Available:<br>www.pnas.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1711122115<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hunt, H., R.A. Wahle, J. Tremblay, M. Comeau, A. Silva, R. Rochette, 2017. Spatial patterns of<br>richness and abundance of benthic decapod crustaceans and fishes in the Northwest Atlantic<br>as measured by passive cobble-filled collectors. Marine Biology Research<br>DOI:10.1080\/17451000.2017.1296161.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Waller, J.D.*, R.A. Wahle, H. McVeigh, D.M. Fields. 2016. Linking rising pCO2 and<br>temperature to the larval development and physiology of the American lobster (Homarus<br>americanus). ICES Journal of Marine Science 2016, doi:10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw154<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A., L. Dellinger, S. Olszewski, P. Jekielek. 2015. Lobster nurseries of southern New<br>England recede in the face of climate change. ICES Journal of Marine Science 72 (Suppl. 1):<br>i69-i78, doi: 10.1093\/icesjms\/fsv093.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A. 2015. American Lobster Settlement Index Fact Sheet. Published by Maine Sea<br>Grant. http:\/\/umaine.edu\/wahlelab\/files\/2015\/09\/ALSI-Factsheet.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gledhill, D.K., M.M. White, J. Salisbury, H. Thomas, I. Mlsna, M. Liebman, B. Mook, J. Grear,<br>A.C. Candelmo, R.C. Chambers, C.J. Gobler, C.W. Hunt, A.L. King, N.N. Price, S.<br>Signorini, E. Stancioff, C. Stymiest, R.A. Wahle, J.D. Waller, N.D. Rebuck, Z.A. Wang,<br>T.L. Capson, J. R. Morrison, S. Cooley, S.Doney. 2015. Ocean acidification off New<br>England and Nova Scotia. Oceanography. 28(2):182\u2013197,<br>http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5670\/oceanog.2015.41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burdett-Coutts, V.*, R.A. Wahle, R. Rochette, P. Snelgrove. 2014. Spatial linkages between<br>settling young-of-year and older juvenile lobsters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 499: 143\u2013155. doi:<br>10.3354\/meps10625<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A., C.E. Bergeron, J. Tremblay, C. Wilson, V. Burdett-Coutts, M. Comeau, R. Rochette, P. Lawton, R. Glenn, M. Gibson. 2013. The geography and bathymetry of American lobster benthic recruitment as measured by diver-based suction sampling and passive collectors. Mar. Biol. Res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pershing, A., R.A. Wahle,&nbsp; P. Meyers, and P. Lawton. 2013.&nbsp;&nbsp; Large-scale coherence in New England&nbsp; lobster settlement&nbsp; associated with regional weather. Fisheries Oceanogr. 21: 348-362.&nbsp; doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2419.2012.00629.x<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A., J.S. Cobb, L.S. Incze, P. Lawton, M. Gibson, R. Glenn, C. Wilson, J. Tremblay. 2010. The American lobster settlement index at 20 years: looking back \u2013 looking ahead. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India. 52: 180-188.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incze, L., H. Xue, N. Wolff, D. Xu, C. Wilson, R. Steneck, R. Wahle, P. Lawton, N. Pettigrew, and Y. Chen. 2010. Connectivity of lobster (Homarus americanus) populations in the coastal Gulf of Maine: part II. Coupled biophysical dynamics. Fisheries Oceanography 19: 1-20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A., M. Gibson, M.J. Fogarty. 2009a. Distinguishing disease impacts from larval supply effects in a lobster fishery collapse. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376: 185\u2013192.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A., C. Bergeron, C. Wilson, M. Parkhurst. 2009b.&nbsp; A vessel-deployed passive post-larval collector for the American lobster.&nbsp; New Zealand&nbsp; J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 43: 465-474.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xue, H., L. Incze, D. Xu, N. Wolff, and N. Pettigrew, 2007. Connectivity of lobster population in the coastal Gulf of Maine. Part I: Circulation and larval transport potential. Ecol. Modelling, doi:10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incze, L. S, R. A. Wahle, N. Wolff, C. Wilson, R. Steneck, E. Annis, P. Lawton, H. Xue, and Y. Chen. 2006. Early life history and a modeling framework for lobster (Homarus americanus) populations in the Gulf of Maine. Journal of Crustacean Biology: 26: 555-564.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, RA., Incze, l.S., Fogarty, M. 2004.&nbsp; First projections of American lobster Homarus americanus recruitment from a settlement index. Bull. Mar. Sci. 74: 101-114.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incze, L. S., R. A. Wahle, and A. T. Palma . 2000. Advection and settlement rates in a benthic invertebrate: recruitment to first benthic stage in Homarus americanus. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57:430-437.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incze, L.S., R.A. Wahle, JS. Cobb. 1997. Quantitative relationships between postlarval supply and benthic recruitment in the American lobster. Mar &amp; Freshw. Res. 48: 729-743.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R.A. and L.S. Incze. 1997. Pre- and post-settlement processes in recruitment of the American lobster. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 217: 179-207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incze, L.S. and R.A. Wahle. 1991. Recruitment from pelagic to early benthic phase in lobsters Homarus americanus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 79: 77-87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wahle, R. A., and R. S. Steneck. 1991. Recruitment habitats and nursery grounds of the American lobster Homarus americanus: a demographic bottleneck? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69:231-243.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a map of ALSI sites and plots of ALSI data:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www2.gulfofmaine.org\/esip\/reporting\/gmap2.php\">http:\/\/www2.gulfofmaine.org\/esip\/reporting\/gmap2.php<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>American Lobster Settlement Index (ALSI) The&nbsp;American Lobster Settlement Index&nbsp;(ALSI) is an annual monitoring program that quantifies the pulse of newly settled lobsters that repopulate rocky coastal nursery grounds in New England and Atlantic Canada. Quantifying this segment of the life history is especially valuable because it is the only time when one can identify with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1907,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6069","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>American Lobster Settlement Index - Lobster Institute - University of Maine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"American Lobster Settlement Index - Lobster Institute - University of Maine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"American Lobster Settlement Index (ALSI) The&nbsp;American Lobster Settlement Index&nbsp;(ALSI) is an annual monitoring program that quantifies the pulse of newly settled lobsters that repopulate rocky coastal nursery grounds in New England and Atlantic Canada. Quantifying this segment of the life history is especially valuable because it is the only time when one can identify with [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lobster Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-06T18:39:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/04\/ALSI_logo_2014.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/\",\"name\":\"American Lobster Settlement Index - Lobster Institute - University of Maine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/04\/ALSI_logo_2014.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-04T19:06:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-06T18:39:27+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/04\/ALSI_logo_2014.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/marine\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/212\/2024\/04\/ALSI_logo_2014.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"American Lobster Settlement Index\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/\",\"name\":\"Lobster Institute\",\"description\":\"University of Maine\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"American Lobster Settlement Index - Lobster Institute - University of Maine","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/lobsterinstitute\/american-lobster-settlement-index\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"American Lobster Settlement Index - Lobster Institute - University of Maine","og_description":"American Lobster Settlement Index (ALSI) The&nbsp;American Lobster Settlement Index&nbsp;(ALSI) is an annual monitoring program that quantifies the pulse of newly settled lobsters that repopulate rocky coastal nursery grounds in New England and Atlantic Canada. 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